如何用英语表达“商标”
在全球化的商业环境中，了解和使用正确的专业术语对于确保沟通的精确性至关重要。"商标"这一概念在不同语境和场合下可能有不同的英文表达方式，以下是关于如何用英语表达“商标”的详细指南：
1. Trademark (TM)
最常见的英文表达是 "trademark"，通常缩写为 "TM"，这个词汇广泛用于法律文档、商业交流以及品牌注册等方面。
– Coca-Cola™ is a famous trademark of the Coca-Cola Company.
2. Service Mark
与 "trademark" 类似，"service mark" 用于区分服务而非产品，它表明某项服务是由特定的提供者提供的。
– McDonald’s™ is a well-known service mark for fast food services.
3. Brand Mark
"Brand mark" 通常指的是图形元素，如标志或符号，这是品牌形象的一部分。
– The Nike Swoosh™ is an iconic brand mark for athletic apparel and footwear.
4. Registered Trademark (®)
当商标经过正式注册并受到法律保护时，可以用 ® 符号表示。
– Microsoft® Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
5. Common Law Mark
未经注册但在某个区域内已获得认可的商标可以称为 "common law mark"。
– Even without formal registration, the common law mark still offers some protection against infringement.
6. Trade Dress
"Trade dress" 指的是产品或其包装的独特设计元素，这些元素具有标识作用。
– The distinctive shape of the Coca-Cola bottle is considered a protected trade dress.
7. Collective Mark
"Collective mark" 是某个团体或组织的成员共同使用的商标，以表明他们属于同一团体。
– The union label is a collective mark used by products manufactured under fair labor conditions.
8. Certification Mark
"Certification mark" 用于证明某个产品或服务符合特定标准或品质。
– The USDA Organic™ certification mark ensures that agricultural products meet national organic standards.
9. Genericized Trademark
有时一个商标由于广泛使用而失去了其独特性，变成了普通名词，这被称为 "genericized trademark"。
– Aspirin™ was once a trademark, but it has become genericized over time.
10. Trademark Clearance
在采用新商标之前，进行 "trademark clearance" 是一个必要的步骤，以确保新商标不会侵犯现有商标。
– Before launching the new product, we conducted a thorough trademark clearance to avoid any infringement issues.
11. Trademark Infringement
当第三方未经授权使用相似或相同的商标，可能会构成 "trademark infringement"。
– Legal action was taken against the company for trademark infringement due to their use of a similar logo.
12. Trademark Licensing
"Trademark licensing" 是指商标所有者允许他人按约定的条件使用其商标。
– Through trademark licensing agreements, the brand expands its presence in new markets without direct investment.
13. Trademark Assignment
与许可不同，"trademark assignment" 是指商标所有权的完全转移。
– The trademark assignment was finalized, transferring all rights from the seller to the buyer.
14. Trademark Opposition
如果有人对申请中的商标提出异议，这个过程称为 "trademark opposition"。
– Several competitors filed for trademark opposition to block the registration of a similar mark.
15. Trademark Renewal
商标注册后需要定期 "trademark renewal" 以保持其有效性。
– The company filed for trademark renewal ahead of the expiration date to maintain its exclusive rights.
通过上述不同的表达方式，你可以根据具体情况选择最合适的词汇来描述商标相关的事务，无论是日常商务沟通还是法律文件，准确使用这些术语都是非常重要的。
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